The Most and Least Car-Dependent States [Complete Study]

Welcome to our comprehensive article on “The Most and Least Car-Dependent States.” 

In this insightful piece, we delve into the fascinating world of car dependence and explore which states in the United States rely the most and the least on cars for transportation. 

Nationally, 85 percent of adults aged 16 and older have a driver’s license. Annually, these drivers log 3.2 trillion miles.

We examine a range of factors including public transportation availability, walkability, bike-friendliness, and average commute times to determine the rankings. Along the way, we discuss the impact of car dependence on the environment, health, and quality of life, shedding light on the importance of alternative modes of transportation.

To make informed decisions about your car insurance, we invite you to enter your ZIP code and compare rates from the best insurance providers in your area. Take the first step towards a more sustainable and cost-effective transportation future while ensuring your vehicle is protected with the right coverage.

As the U.S. population has grown, so has the number of vehicles on the road. In fact, the increase in the total number of vehicles on American roads has outpaced population growth since the 1960s. Of the 272 million vehicles (including private and public automobiles, buses, trucks, and motorcycles) driven today, 109 million are privately-owned passenger vehicles.

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The more time you spend behind the wheel, the more important it is to have the best auto insurance. We can help you easily compare car insurance coverages from the best providers.

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As the number of vehicles per person has grown, so has the average distance traveled per year. The latest data from the U.S. Department of Transportation shows that U.S. drivers log about 10,000 miles per year, up from roughly 7,000 miles in the 1980s. Over the past several decades, the largest increases have occurred in urban areas. As a result, city roads are increasingly congested, prolonging commute times and adding to Americans’ daily stress.

The wasted time spent in the car is also costly. Research firm INRIX found that Americans lose 97 hours a year to traffic jams and slow-moving drivers. The lost hours translate to a cost of $87 billion a year.

That said, the stress and financial strain caused by increased time spent behind the wheel doesn’t impact residents throughout the country uniformly. To identify the most car-dependent states in the U.S., our researchers analyzed data from the U.S. Department of Transportation and the U.S. Census Bureau. We created a composite car-dependency in America index based on the following factors and weights:

• Annual miles driven per person – 50%
• Workers who commute by car – 30%
• Number of passenger vehicles per person – 10%
• Adults 16+ with a driver’s license – 10%

This article covers the 20 states: 10 that are the most car-dependent states and 10 that are the least car-dependent. This factor plays into car insurance rates for these states. If you’re looking to find car insurance in your community, visit our insurance quote comparison page for access to insurance company reviews and local agents and brokers.

If you live in an area that’s auto dependent, it’s important to get good car insurance rates. Enter your ZIP code into our FREE online quote comparison tool to find the best rates for your area.

In the frequently asked questions section of this article, we’ll cover additional topics like:

• American Car dependency definition
• Most Car-dependent cities in the US
• How to reduce car dependency in USA
• Negative impacts of automobile dependency

Now, back to the study. Here’s what we found:

Study’s Key Takeaways

Overall, the car-dependency in the U.S. index ranges from a high of 98.81 to a low of 50.8. The most car-dependent states largely exist in the southern part of the U.S.. Conversely, least car centric cities in the US are generally found on the West Coast or in the Northeast.

Rural versus urban density plays an important role in determining car dependency. The least car-dependent states have low percentages of residents living in rural areas. The opposite is true for states at the high end of the index. Residents in rural areas are less likely to have access to public transportation and are more likely to require a car for daily commuting and other responsibilities.

While driving has increased overall, a smaller share of U.S. employees are using their personal vehicles to get to work.

In a 10-year span from 2007 to 2017, Census reported a 1.2 percentage point drop in workers who commute by car.

Among the least car-dependent states, the drop was as great as 5.4 percentage points in the District of Columbia. Conversely, in the most car-dependent states, these numbers generally stayed the same or increased over the same time period.

Among the largest U.S. cities, Seattle, Portland, and San Francisco experienced the greatest decreases in car commuters since 2007, at 9.2, 8.1, and 7.1 percentage points, respectively.

The Most Car-Dependent States

#1 – Alabama

• Car-dependency index: 98.81
• Annual miles driven per person: 14,499
• Number of passenger vehicles per person: 0.41
• Adults 16+ with a driver’s license: 100%
• Workers who commute by car: 94.2%
• 10-year change in workers commuting by car: No significant change

Driving more often and during unusual hours can result in accidents as we’ve seen in recent years with the hazards of drowsy driving. Learn more about the dangers of drowsy driving to prevent you from becoming a victim.

#2 – Tennessee

• Car-dependency index: 91.97
• Annual miles driven per person: 12,247
• Number of passenger vehicles per person: 0.34
• Adults 16+ with a driver’s license: 98%
• Workers who commute by car: 92.0%
• 10-year change in workers commuting by car: -1.4 percentage points

#3 – Arkansas

• Car-dependency index: 90.80
• Annual miles driven per person: 12,112
• Number of passenger vehicles per person: 0.30
• Adults 16+ with a driver’s license: 100%
• Workers who commute by car: 93.2%
• 10-year change in workers commuting by car: No significant change

#4 – Mississippi

• Car-dependency index: 90.49
• Annual miles driven per person: 13,698
• Number of passenger vehicles per person: 0.27
• Adults 16+ with a driver’s license: 86%
• Workers who commute by car: 94.6%
• 10-year change in workers commuting by car: +0.8 percentage points

In Mississippi, not all cars are created equal, at least according to car thieves. Check out our article about the most stolen cars in Mississippi to see if your car is a top target.

#5 – North Dakota

• Car-dependency index: 90.21
• Annual miles driven per person: 12,863
• Number of passenger vehicles per person: 0.36
• Adults 16+ with a driver’s license: 93%
• Workers who commute by car: 89.8%
• 10-year change in workers commuting by car: +1.9 percentage points

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#6 – Oklahoma

• Car-dependency index: 89.41
• Annual miles driven per person: 12,568
• Number of passenger vehicles per person: 0.34
• Adults 16+ with a driver’s license: 80%
• Workers who commute by car: 92.1%
• 10-year change in workers commuting by car: No significant change

Read more: Oklahoma Car Insurance Discounts

#7 – Missouri

• Car-dependency index: 87.63
• Annual miles driven per person: 12,417
• Number of passenger vehicles per person: 0.35
• Adults 16+ with a driver’s license: 86%
• Workers who commute by car: 90.6%
• 10-year change in workers commuting by car: No significant change

And you should know: St. Louis, Missouri, is a deadly city for U.S. drivers as it ranks in the top 10 deadliest cities for drivers.

#8 – New Mexico

• Car-dependency index: 87.46
• Annual miles driven per person: 14,214
• Number of passenger vehicles per person: 0.29
• Adults 16+ with a driver’s license: 88%
• Workers who commute by car: 90.0%
• 10-year change in workers commuting by car: No significant change

#9 – Indiana

• Car-dependency index: 86.96
• Annual miles driven per person: 12,263
• Number of passenger vehicles per person: 0.34
• Adults 16+ with a driver’s license: 85%
• Workers who commute by car: 91.2%
• 10-year change in workers commuting by car: -1.4 percentage points

#10 – Wyoming

• Car-dependency index: 86.57
• Annual miles driven per person: 16,890
• Number of passenger vehicles per person: 0.33
• Adults 16+ with a driver’s license: 91%
• Workers who commute by car: 88.1%
• 10-year change in workers commuting by car: No significant change

The Least Car-Dependent States

#1 – New York

• Car-dependency index: 50.80
• Annual miles driven per person: 6,234
• Number of passenger vehicles per person: 0.23
• Adults 16+ with a driver’s license: 74%
• Workers who commute by car: 59.4%
• 10-year change in workers commuting by car: -2.1 percentage points

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#2 – District of Columbia

• Car-dependency index: 53.34
• Annual miles driven per person: 5,354
• Number of passenger vehicles per person: 0.28
• Adults 16+ with a driver’s license: 89%
• Workers who commute by car: 39.6%
• 10-year change in workers commuting by car: -5.4 percentage points

#3 – Hawaii

• Car-dependency index: 56.37
• Annual miles driven per person: 7,529
• Number of passenger vehicles per person: 0.35
• Adults 16+ with a driver’s license: 81%
• Workers who commute by car: 80.8%
• 10-year change in workers commuting by car: -2.4 percentage points

#4 – Alaska

• Car-dependency index: 56.67
• Annual miles driven per person: 7,460
• Number of passenger vehicles per person: 0.23
• Adults 16+ with a driver’s license: 92%
• Workers who commute by car: 81.1%
• 10-year change in workers commuting by car: No significant change

#5 – New Jersey

• Car-dependency index: 57.07
• Annual miles driven per person: 8,607
• Number of passenger vehicles per person: 0.31
• Adults 16+ with a driver’s license: 85%
• Workers who commute by car: 78.9%
• 10-year change in workers commuting by car: -2.1 percentage points

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#6 – Illinois

• Car-dependency index: 58.71
• Annual miles driven per person: 8,437
• Number of passenger vehicles per person: 0.36
• Adults 16+ with a driver’s license: 82%
• Workers who commute by car: 80.8%
• 10-year change in workers commuting by car: -2.2 percentage points

#7 – Massachusetts

• Car-dependency index: 59.70
• Annual miles driven per person: 9,134
• Number of passenger vehicles per person: 0.32
• Adults 16+ with a driver’s license: 86%
• Workers who commute by car: 77.3%
• 10-year change in workers commuting by car: -3.9 percentage points

Massachusetts is frequently featured on lists of the states with the best drivers. Part of the credit may go to its rigorous road test and requirements for teens to get a driver’s license.

Additional education is one of many discounts available to younger drivers, who may have very high car insurance rates. Go to our cheap car insurance for young drivers page to find the best insurance for your teenager.

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#8 – Pennsylvania

• Car-dependency index: 59.71
• Annual miles driven per person: 7,935
• Number of passenger vehicles per person: 0.34
• Adults 16+ with a driver’s license: 84%
• Workers who commute by car: 84.7%
• 10-year change in workers commuting by car: -1.4 percentage points

#9 – California

• Car-dependency index: 62.25
• Annual miles driven per person: 8,697
• Number of passenger vehicles per person: 0.37
• Adults 16+ with a driver’s license: 84%
• Workers who commute by car: 83.9%
• 10-year change in workers commuting by car: -1.1 percentage points

California is one of the only states to outlaw the use of non-driving factors to set car insurance rates. See our answer to the question, “How are car insurance rates determined?” for more information.

#10 – Oregon

• Car-dependency index: 62.36
• Annual miles driven per person: 8,872
• Number of passenger vehicles per person: 0.37
• Adults 16+ with a driver’s license: 85%
• Workers who commute by car: 81.4%
• 10-year change in workers commuting by car: -3.1 percentage points

Full Study Results

The Most Car Dependent States

Methodology: Determining the Most and Least Car-Dependent States

To identify the most car-dependent states, a composite car-dependency index was calculated based on the following factors and weights:

• Annual miles driven per person (50%): Annual vehicle-miles traveled divided by the state population.
• Workers who commute by car (30%): The percentage of workers who commute by car, truck, or van.
• Number of passenger vehicles per person (10%): Number of privately-owned automobiles divided by the state population.
• Adults 16+ with a driver’s license (10%): The total number of licensed drivers in the state divided by the population 16 and over. In some instances, the resulting car-dependency  statistic slightly exceeded 100%. This could be the result of certain residents moving out-of-state and not yet transferring their license. For the purpose of this analysis, we capped these values at 100%.

The data used was sourced from the following reports and surveys:

• Vehicle-miles traveled, vehicle registrations, and driver’s license statistics are from the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Federal Highway Administration.
• Commuting statistics and population estimates are from the U.S. Census Bureau 2017 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.

Being car-dependent likely means your car insurance rates are higher than typical. Enter your ZIP code into our online quote generator to find the cheapest rates in your area.